AP Physics 1 — Momentum, Rotation and Fluids flashcards

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Units 4–8 of the AP Physics 1 course: impulse and collisions, torque and equilibrium, rotational inertia, rolling, angular momentum and orbits, simple harmonic motion, pressure, buoyancy and fluid flow.

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Learn deck · part of AP Physics 1 · written against: College Board AP Physics 1 Course and Exam Description (2024 revision, eight units including fluids). Updated 2026-10-10.

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How is linear momentum defined, and is it a scalar or a vector?

Momentum is mass times velocity, $\vec p = m\vec v$ ⁠. It is a vector pointing the same way as the velocity, measured in kg·m/s.
Linear Momentum › Momentum and Impulse
What does the impulse–momentum theorem state?

The impulse delivered by the net force equals the object's change in momentum: $\vec J = \vec F_{avg}\Delta t = \Delta \vec p$ ⁠.
Linear Momentum › Momentum and Impulse
For a point at distance r from the axis of a rotating rigid body, how are its linear and angular quantities related?

Arc length $s = r\theta$ ⁠, speed $v = r\omega$ and tangential acceleration $a_t = r\alpha$ ⁠, with all angles in radians.
Torque and Rotational Dynamics › Rotational Kinematics
On a spinning merry-go-round, one child sits at the rim and another halfway to the center. Compare their angular and linear speeds.

They have the same angular speed, but the child at the rim has twice the linear speed, because $v = r\omega$ ⁠.
Torque and Rotational Dynamics › Rotational Kinematics
What is the total kinetic energy of an object that rolls without slipping?

Translational plus rotational: $K = \frac{1}{2}Mv^2 + \frac{1}{2}I\omega^2$ ⁠, with $v = R\omega$ linking the two.
Energy and Momentum of Rotating Systems › Rotational Kinetic Energy and Rolling
What condition defines rolling without slipping, and how fast do the bottom and top of the wheel move?

$v_{cm} = R\omega$ ⁠. The contact point is momentarily at rest relative to the ground, while the top of the wheel moves at 2v.
Energy and Momentum of Rotating Systems › Rotational Kinetic Energy and Rolling
What property of the restoring force produces simple harmonic motion?

The restoring force must be proportional to the displacement and opposite to it ( $F = -kx$ for a spring), pulling the object back toward equilibrium.
Oscillations › Simple Harmonic Motion
What is the period of a mass–spring oscillator, and does it depend on amplitude?

$T = 2\pi\sqrt{\frac{m}{k}}$ ⁠. It is independent of amplitude — and of g, so a vertical spring has the same period as a horizontal one.
Oscillations › Simple Harmonic Motion
How is pressure defined, and what is its SI unit?

Pressure is force per unit area, $P = \frac{F}{A}$ for a force perpendicular to the surface, measured in pascals (1 Pa = 1 N/m²). Atmospheric pressure is about 1.0 × 10⁵ Pa.
Fluids › Density and Pressure
What is the absolute pressure 10 m below the surface of a freshwater lake?

About 2.0 × 10⁵ Pa (roughly 2 atm): $P = P_0 + \rho gh$ = 1.01 × 10⁵ + 1000 × 9.8 × 10 = 1.99 × 10⁵ Pa.
Fluids › Density and Pressure

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Review status: Second-reader reviewed, with corrections applied.

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Topic outline follows the College Board AP Physics 1: Algebra-Based Course and Exam Description (2024 revision), Units 4–8 (outline only; no course or exam text reproduced).
OpenStax College Physics 2e, consulted as a reference; no text copied.

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