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AQA A-level Chemistry — Organic Chemistry 1 flashcards

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AS organic chemistry for AQA 7404/7405: naming and isomerism, alkanes and cracking, free-radical substitution, halogenoalkanes, alkenes and addition polymers, alcohols, and functional-group tests, mass spectrometry and IR.

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Learn deck · part of AQA A-level Chemistry · written against: AQA AS and A-level Chemistry (7404/7405) specification, version 1.2, July 2026 (physical, inorganic and organic). Updated 2026-10-10.

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  1. What features do the members of a homologous series share?
    The same functional group and general formula, with each member differing from the next by CH₂.

    They have similar chemical reactions and show a gradual trend in physical properties such as boiling point.
    Organic Chemistry › Introduction to Organic Chemistry
  2. What does a skeletal formula show, and what does it leave out?
    It shows the carbon skeleton as lines and functional groups, leaving out carbon atoms and the hydrogens bonded to them.

    Each line end and each junction is a carbon atom carrying enough hydrogens to make four bonds.
    Organic Chemistry › Introduction to Organic Chemistry
  3. What is the IUPAC name of CH₃CH(CH₃)CH₂CH₃?
    2-methylbutane

    The longest chain has four carbons, and the methyl branch is on carbon 2 when numbered from the nearer end.
    Organic Chemistry › Introduction to Organic Chemistry
  4. What is the IUPAC name of CH₃CH(OH)CH₃?
    Propan-2-ol

    Three carbons with the OH group on the middle carbon; the position number goes before the -ol suffix.
    Organic Chemistry › Introduction to Organic Chemistry
  5. What is the IUPAC name of CH₃CHBrCH₂CH₃?
    2-bromobutane

    Halogens are named as prefixes, and the chain is numbered to give the bromine the lowest possible number.
    Organic Chemistry › Introduction to Organic Chemistry
  6. What is a structural isomer, and which three kinds are there?
    Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formulas: chain, position and functional group isomers.

    Example: butan-1-ol and butan-2-ol are position isomers; butan-1-ol and 2-methylpropan-1-ol are chain isomers.
    Organic Chemistry › Introduction to Organic Chemistry
  7. Propanal and propanone are both C₃H₆O. What type of isomers are they?
    Functional group isomers

    Propanal is an aldehyde (CHO at the chain end) and propanone is a ketone (C=O in the middle), so they belong to different homologous series.
    Organic Chemistry › Introduction to Organic Chemistry
  8. What is a stereoisomer?
    A compound with the same structural formula but a different arrangement of atoms in space.

    AQA covers two kinds: E–Z isomerism about a C=C bond, which is AS content, and optical isomerism at a chiral centre, which is A-level only.
    Organic Chemistry › Introduction to Organic Chemistry
  9. Which two conditions must hold for an alkene to show E–Z isomerism?
    There is restricted rotation about the C=C bond, and each carbon of the double bond carries two different groups.

    But-1-ene has no E–Z isomers because one carbon of its C=C carries two hydrogens.
    Organic Chemistry › Introduction to Organic Chemistry
  10. In CHBr=C(Cl)CH₃, the Br and the Cl are on the same side of the double bond. Is this the E or the Z isomer?
    Z

    By the CIP rules Br outranks H on one carbon and Cl outranks CH₃ on the other (higher atomic number wins); the two higher-priority groups are on the same side.
    Organic Chemistry › Introduction to Organic Chemistry

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Physical Chemistry 1Physical Chemistry 2Inorganic ChemistryOrganic Chemistry 2Required PracticalsPractice Questions

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About these cards

Review status: Second-reader reviewed, with corrections applied.

Checked against:

  • Topic outline follows the AQA AS and A-level Chemistry (7404/7405) specification, version 1.2 (July 2026) (outline only; no specification text reproduced).
  • OpenStax Chemistry 2e and OpenStax Organic Chemistry: A Tenth Edition, consulted as references; no text copied.
  • Infrared ranges checked against the AQA AS Chemistry data sheet (Table A, June 2025 issue); isotope masses against NIST's Atomic Weights and Isotopic Compositions; names, formulas and boiling points against PubChem; reaction conditions, tests and observations against AQA mark schemes, the AQA Chemistry required practical handbook (version 2.2) and chemguide.co.uk (reference only; no text copied).

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