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CompTIA Network+ — Concepts and Implementation flashcards

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Network+ domains 1 and 2: OSI layers, appliances, cloud, ports, media and transceivers, topologies, worked IPv4 subnetting, IPv6, routing protocols and AD, VLANs, STP, wireless and physical install.

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Learn deck · part of CompTIA Network+ · written against: Exam N10-009 objectives. Updated 2026-10-10.

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  1. From layer 1 up to layer 7, what are the seven OSI layers?
    Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, Application.

    Mnemonic: Please Do Not Throw Sausage Pizza Away.
    Networking Concepts › OSI Model
  2. A switch learns which MAC address lives on which port and forwards frames accordingly. At which OSI layer is it making that decision?
    Layer 2 (data link) — the forwarding decision uses the destination MAC address in the frame header, looked up in the switch's MAC address table.

    Watch out: a multilayer switch can also route, but MAC-based forwarding is a layer 2 job.
    Networking Concepts › OSI Model
  3. A router picks a next hop from the destination IP address. Which OSI layer is that, and what is the unit of data called there?
    Layer 3 (network), and the unit is a packet. Layer 4 carries segments (TCP) or datagrams (UDP), layer 2 frames, layer 1 bits.
    Networking Concepts › OSI Model
  4. What does the transport layer add on top of IP that lets one server run a web service and a mail service at the same address?
    Port numbers — layer 4 headers carry source and destination ports so the host can hand each segment to the right application. TCP also adds sequencing, acknowledgements and retransmission.
    Networking Concepts › OSI Model
  5. A user can ping a web server by IP address, but the site will not load in a browser. Working bottom-up, which OSI layers has the ping already proven?
    Layers 1 to 3 — a successful ICMP echo shows cabling, framing and IP routing all work end to end. The fault is at layer 4 or above: a blocked port, a stopped service or an application problem.
    Networking Concepts › OSI Model
  6. A router's table holds 10.0.0.0/8 via A, 10.1.0.0/16 via B and 10.1.1.0/24 via C. Where does it send a packet for 10.1.1.5?
    Via C — routers always use the longest prefix match, and the /24 is the most specific route that contains 10.1.1.5.
    Network Implementation › Routing
  7. A router learns the same prefix from OSPF and from internal EIGRP. Which route goes in the table, and why?
    EIGRP — its default administrative distance is 90 against OSPF's 110, and the lower AD is trusted more. AD only breaks ties between sources offering the same prefix length.
    Network Implementation › Routing
  8. What are the default Cisco administrative distances for connected, static, eBGP, OSPF, RIP and iBGP routes?
    Connected 0, static 1, eBGP 20, OSPF 110, RIP 120, iBGP 200. Internal EIGRP is 90, and 255 means the route is never used.
    Network Implementation › Routing
  9. What is a floating static route?
    A static route given a higher administrative distance than the primary route (such as one learned by a dynamic protocol), so it stays out of the table until that route disappears. It is a classic way to bring up a backup link.
    Network Implementation › Routing
  10. What kind of routing protocol is OSPF, what is its metric, and what is special about area 0?
    OSPF is a link-state protocol: every router builds a full topology map and runs Dijkstra's shortest path first. Its metric is cost, derived from interface bandwidth. Area 0 is the backbone, and every other area must connect to it.
    Network Implementation › Routing

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About these cards

Review status: Second-reader reviewed, with corrections applied.

Checked against:

  • CompTIA Network+ N10-009 exam objectives (topic outline only; no text copied)
  • Checked against the IANA Service Name and Transport Protocol Port Number Registry and the relevant IETF RFCs and IEEE 802 standards (reference only)
  • Also checked against vendor and industry documentation (reference only; no text copied): Cisco and Cisco Meraki configuration guides, data sheets and technical notes; Juniper, Microsoft Learn, NetApp and Broadcom documentation; SNIA SFF specifications; Wi-Fi Alliance, Ethernet Alliance and NIST publications; Fiber Optic Association, Fluke Networks, Corning, CommScope, US Conec, Orbray and Hammond Manufacturing references; root-servers.org; US DOE and ENERGY STAR data-centre guidance; and the peer-reviewed Dragonblood analysis of WPA3
  • Subnetting answers verified with the Python standard-library ipaddress module

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