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Health & emergency services

EMT — Medical, OB/Peds & Operations flashcards

10 of 79 cards free to study here · 12 topics · the whole deck is built into Willys

Field-scenario cards on altered mental status, diabetic, seizure, allergic and toxic emergencies, behavioral and abdominal calls, childbirth and newborn care, pediatric and geriatric patients, MCI triage, ICS, hazmat and medical-legal duties.

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Learn deck · part of NREMT EMT · written against: National EMS Education Standards and NREMT EMT cognitive exam; 2025 AHA Guidelines for CPR and ECC (resuscitation cards fact-checked 2026-10-11 against summaries of the 2025 text). Updated 2026-10-10.

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  1. What does the AEIOU-TIPS mnemonic help you work through, and what do the letters cover?
    Causes of altered mental status. A common version: Alcohol, Epilepsy/endocrine/electrolytes, Insulin (diabetic problems), Overdose/oxygen, Uremia; Trauma/temperature, Infection, Psychiatric/poisoning, Stroke/shock.

    Watch out: versions differ slightly between courses.
    Altered Mental Status
  2. A diabetic coworker became sweaty, pale, shaky and confused within minutes of skipping lunch. What is the likely problem?
    Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), which typically comes on quickly with cool clammy skin, a fast heart rate and confusion or combativeness, and can progress to seizures.
    Diabetic Emergencies
  3. A patient is having a generalized tonic-clonic seizure on the floor. What do you do during the seizure?
    Protect them from injury by moving objects away and cushioning the head, time the seizure and give oxygen as needed. Do not restrain them or put anything in the mouth.
    Seizures & Syncope
  4. What are the four routes by which a poison can enter the body?
    Ingestion, inhalation, injection and absorption through the skin or mucous membranes.
    Toxicology
  5. You enter a room with an agitated patient. How do you position yourself for safety?
    Keep a clear exit route that the patient cannot block, stay out of arm's reach and request law enforcement if there is any threat of violence.
    Behavioral & Abdominal
  6. What are the three stages of labor?
    • First: onset of contractions to full cervical dilation
    • Second: full dilation to delivery of the baby
    • Third: delivery of the baby to delivery of the placenta.
    Obstetrics
  7. What are the first steps of care for every newborn after delivery?
    Warm, dry and stimulate: dry vigorously, remove wet linens, place skin-to-skin or wrap and cover the head, and position the airway.

    Why: newborns lose heat very quickly.
    Newborn Care
  8. Why can serious illness look mild in an older adult?
    Older adults often have blunted pain and fever responses, medications that mask a fast heart rate, and atypical presentations such as a fall or confusion as the only sign.
    Geriatrics
  9. What do the four START triage colors mean?
    • Red: immediate
    • Yellow: delayed
    • Green: minor (walking wounded)
    • Black: deceased or expectant.
    Operations
  10. What makes a patient's consent expressed (informed) consent?
    A competent adult who has been told the nature of the care, its risks, benefits and alternatives and agrees to it, verbally or by action.
    Medical-Legal

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About these cards

Review status: Second-reader reviewed, with corrections applied.

Checked against:

  • Checked against the National EMS Education Standards (NHTSA, 2021; US government work), the National EMS Scope of Practice Model (NHTSA, 2019; US government work), the National Incident Management System (FEMA, 3rd edition 2017; US government work) and the Emergency Response Guidebook 2024 (PHMSA; US government work).
  • Newborn resuscitation checked against the 2025 AHA/AAP Guidelines for CPR and ECC, Part 5: Neonatal Resuscitation (Circulation, October 2025); START and JumpSTART triage criteria as published by their developers (reference only; no text copied).

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Not clinical guidance. These cards prepare you for an exam. Never use them to make decisions about a patient's care: follow current guidelines, prescribing information and your institution's policies. The decks contain no doses.

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