Medical Coding — CPT Sections & Procedures flashcards
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The surgical package and Medicare global periods, separate procedures, lesion and repair coding, fractures and endoscopy, the anesthesia formula and modifiers, radiology components, lab panels and pathology, vaccines, infusions and dialysis. No CPT descriptors reproduced.
Learn deck · part of Medical coding: AAPC CPC and AHIMA CCA · written against: ICD-10-CM Official Guidelines and code set FY 2027 (effective 1 October 2026); CPT structure and E/M guidelines described in our own words; HCPCS Level II, NCCI and ICD-10-PCS per CMS. Updated 2026-10-10.
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How is anesthesia payment calculated?(Base units + time units + modifying units) × conversion factor.CPT Sections › Anesthesia
Base units reflect the procedure's complexity, time units the anesthesia time, and modifying units factors such as physical status where the payer recognizes them. -
When does anesthesia time start and stop?From the moment the anesthesia practitioner starts readying the patient for anesthesia in the OR or a similar setting, until the patient can safely be handed over to postoperative care.CPT Sections › Anesthesia
Time on either side of an interruption may be added together, provided anesthesia care was continuous during each period. -
How does Medicare turn anesthesia minutes into time units?It divides the reported minutes by 15 and rounds to one decimal place.CPT Sections › Anesthesia
The claim reports actual anesthesia minutes, and the contractor computes the units. -
What do physical status modifiers P1, P2 and P3 describe?P1 a normal healthy patient, P2 mild systemic disease, P3 severe systemic disease.CPT Sections › Anesthesia
They follow the ASA physical status classification and are appended to anesthesia codes. -
What do physical status modifiers P4, P5 and P6 describe?P4 severe systemic disease that is a constant threat to life, P5 a moribund patient not expected to survive without the operation, P6 a declared brain-dead patient whose organs are being removed for donation.CPT Sections › Anesthesia
The anesthesia provider assigns the physical status from the preanesthesia evaluation. -
What are the anesthesia qualifying circumstances codes?Add-on codes for conditions that make anesthesia harder, such as extreme age, total body hypothermia, controlled hypotension or an emergency.CPT Sections › Anesthesia
They are printed in the Medicine section and reported only with an anesthesia code, never alone. -
How is the CPT Anesthesia section organized?Mainly by anatomic site, then by the type of procedure, so one anesthesia code can cover many surgical codes.CPT Sections › Anesthesia
Coders use a crosswalk from the surgical code to the matching anesthesia code. -
Two surgeries are performed under one anesthetic. How is the anesthesia reported to Medicare?With the anesthesia code that has the highest base units, and the time for the whole session.CPT Sections › Anesthesia
Base units from the other procedures' anesthesia codes are not added, unless one is an anesthesia add-on code. -
What do anesthesia modifiers AA and QK mean?AA: the anesthesiologist personally performed the anesthesia; QK: medical direction of two, three or four concurrent procedures.CPT Sections › Anesthesia
QY means an anesthesiologist directed one CRNA, and AD marks medical supervision of more than four concurrent procedures. -
What do modifiers QX and QZ indicate on a CRNA's claim?QX: CRNA service with medical direction by a physician; QZ: CRNA service without medical direction.CPT Sections › Anesthesia
When an anesthesiologist directs the case, the CRNA reports QX and the anesthesiologist reports QY or QK.
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Review status: Second-reader reviewed, with corrections applied.
Checked against:
- CPT® is a registered trademark of the American Medical Association. No CPT descriptors are reproduced; CPT structure and guidelines are described in our own words.
- Coding and Medicare payment rules checked against the NCCI Policy Manual for Medicare Services 2026 (revised 1 January 2026), the Medicare Claims Processing Manual (Pub. 100-04), Chapters 4, 5, 8, 12, 13, 16 and 18, the MLN Global Surgery booklet (MLN907166, December 2025), the CY 2022 Physician Fee Schedule final rule (86 FR 64996), Medicare contractor wound-care coding guidelines (LCD L34587 and L33566) and the October 2026 HCPCS Level II file (CMS, public domain).
- CPC® is a registered trademark of AAPC, and CCA is a credential of AHIMA; neither is affiliated with, or endorses, this product.
These are independent study notes written for Willys. They are not official exam material, may contain mistakes, and are no substitute for your course, your teacher or the exam owner's own publications. Found an error? Tell us — corrections ship as a new version of the deck.
Not coding, billing or compliance advice. These cards prepare you for a certification exam. Code sets change every year, so code real claims from the current ICD-10-CM, CPT® and HCPCS books and your payers' policies. No CPT descriptors are reproduced here.
CPT® is a registered trademark of the American Medical Association; no CPT descriptors are reproduced. CPC® is a registered trademark of AAPC, and CCA is a credential of AHIMA; neither is affiliated with, or endorses, this product.
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