Vocabulary College Prep Essentials — Set 2: In Context flashcards
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Fill the blank: 33 of the Set 2 words, each in a new academic sentence whose clues point to one word (where a second also fits, the back says so).
Learn deck · part of Vocabulary Level 8 · College Prep Essentials · written against: Our own grade placement (VOCABULARY-PLAN.md): word frequency (wordfreq, CC BY-SA 4.0) and editorial review; no publisher's grade or word list is reproduced. Updated 2026-10-10.
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Asked why the whales had stranded, the marine biologist offered only a ______: sonar from nearby naval exercises might be to blame, though she stressed that the tissue tests were not yet back.conjectureThinking & Knowing
An opinion formed from incomplete evidence, offered as a guess, is a conjecture. A supposition is often accepted as true, though it can also be a tentative idea like hers. A contention is argued for, which she does not do while the tests are out.
Also right: supposition -
Rather than simply insisting she was right, the scientist answered her critics with a passionate but carefully ______ reply: she did not pick their claims apart one by one, but drew each conclusion logically from the evidence set out before it.reasonedThinking & Knowing
Conclusions drawn logically, each from the evidence before it, make a reply carefully reasoned. "Passionate" rules out dispassionate, and analytical means breaking a subject into parts, which she declines to do with her critics' claims. -
Because "weather" and "climate" are not ______, one cold week says little about global warming: the first is short-term conditions, the second the pattern over thirty years.synonymousSpeaking & Arguing
Words that do not mean the same thing are not synonymous. Tantamount means equal in effect and takes "to," so it can't stand alone here. -
In a cooperative, each member casts one vote ______ of how much money he or she has invested in the business.irrespectiveSpeaking & Arguing
"Of" and the idea that money changes nothing call for irrespective of. Insofar takes "as" and limits a claim instead of setting a factor aside. -
The northern mockingbird imitates dozens of other birds, and a single male's ______ may include well over a hundred distinct songs.repertoireActions & Effort
The full range of songs one bird can perform is its repertoire. Multiplicity means a large variety, but it doesn't name one performer's stock of pieces. -
Investigators traced the ______ chain behind the crash: a worn bolt let a panel loosen, the loose panel struck an engine, and the engine failed.causalChange & Growth
Each event made the next one happen, which is a causal chain. Successive would only say the events followed one another in time. -
The faint microwave glow that fills the sky is ______ radiation from the hot early universe, cooled over billions of years to just above absolute zero.residualSize & Amount
The glow is what is left over from the early universe's heat. Extant describes old things that survive when others are lost, such as manuscripts. -
Farming habits brought from the rainy eastern states proved ______ with the dry Great Plains, where plowing up the native grass let the topsoil blow away.incompatibleQuality & Judgment
The habits and the dry land could not work together. Disjointed would describe pieces that jump around and don't link up, not two things that clash. -
Container shipping, cheap long-distance calls and the internet all sped up ______ in the late twentieth century, tying markets on different continents ever more closely together.globalizationSociety & Power
Growing ties between markets on different continents are globalization. Industrialization is the growth of factories, not links across the world. -
Because it followed the same two hundred families through four generations of parish records, the project counts as ______ research, even though no researcher ever met a single family member.longitudinalNature & Time
Following the same families over a long period makes research longitudinal. Prospective research follows people forward from the present, and these families were traced backward through old records.
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Review status: Second-reader reviewed, with corrections applied.
Checked against:
- Senses, parts of speech and sense order checked against Merriam-Webster.com, the American Heritage Dictionary and the frequency-ordered Oxford, Longman and Cambridge learner's dictionaries; all definitions, notes and example sentences are original.
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