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Firefighter I & II — Water Supply, Hose & Fire Attack flashcards

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Hydrants and water supply, hose, couplings and appliances, nozzles and foam, fire attack strategy (structure, vehicle, dumpster and ground cover fires), salvage and overhaul, and sprinkler and standpipe systems.

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Learn deck · part of Firefighter I & II · written against: Firefighter I and II job performance requirements of NFPA 1010 (2024 edition), which absorbed NFPA 1001. Updated 2026-10-10.

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  1. Two hydrants sit on mains of the same size, one on a looped grid and one at the end of a dead-end main. Which usually delivers more water, and why?
    The hydrant on the gridded (looped) main — water reaches it from two or more directions, so the flow is shared and friction loss stays lower. A dead-end main is fed from one side only, so its pressure sags quickly under a heavy draw.
    Water Supply
  2. Where is the main valve of a dry-barrel hydrant, and why is it put there?
    At the base of the hydrant, below the frost line. With the valve shut, the barrel above it drains and stays empty, so the hydrant will not freeze in cold climates.
    Water Supply
  3. What is the job of supply hose compared with attack hose?
    Supply hose carries water from a source (hydrant, relay or tender) to a pumper at relatively low pressure. Attack hose carries water from the pumper to the nozzle and is built and tested for higher pressures.
    Hose & Appliances
  4. Under NFPA 1961, the fire hose standard now consolidated into NFPA 1960, what is the smallest diameter that counts as large-diameter hose (LDH)?
    3½ inches. Large-diameter hose runs from 3½ inches up and is used mainly to move big volumes of water as supply line.
    Hose & Appliances
  5. What nozzle pressure is commonly used for a smooth-bore tip on a handline?
    50 psi is the figure taught for hydraulic calculations on smooth-bore handlines; manufacturer data and department SOP govern the exact setting.
    Fire Streams & Nozzles
  6. A deck gun has a smooth-bore tip. What nozzle pressure is commonly taught for master streams of this kind?
    80 psi for smooth-bore master-stream tips. Fog master-stream nozzles are usually figured at their rated pressure, commonly 100 psi.
    Fire Streams & Nozzles
  7. What are the three incident priorities, in order, that guide most fireground decisions?
    1. Life safety
    2. Incident stabilization
    3. Property conservation
    Fire Control
  8. What does the acronym RECEO-VS stand for in fireground tactics?
    1. Rescue
    2. Exposures
    3. Confinement
    4. Extinguishment
    5. Overhaul

    Ventilation and Salvage are applied whenever they are needed.

    Watch out: priorities models vary (SLICERS is another), so follow your department's SOP.
    Fire Control
  9. What is the difference between salvage and overhaul?
    Salvage protects the building and its contents from smoke, water and heat damage during and after the fire. Overhaul searches for and puts out hidden fire so it does not rekindle.
    Loss Control & Overhaul
  10. What sets a wet-pipe sprinkler system apart, and what is its main weakness?
    A wet-pipe system keeps water in the pipes at all times, so it discharges the moment a head opens. Its weakness is freezing, so it is used only where the pipes are kept from freezing: heated spaces, or a system filled with an antifreeze solution.
    Sprinklers & Standpipes

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About these cards

Review status: Second-reader reviewed, with corrections applied.

Checked against:

  • Job performance requirement scope checked against NFPA 1010 (2024 edition), Firefighter I and II chapters (named, not quoted).
  • Hydrant color coding checked against secondary summaries of NFPA 291 (2025 edition); hose classes and service-test minimums against summaries of NFPA 1961 and NFPA 1962, now consolidated into NFPA 1960 (2024 edition) and NFPA 1930 (2025 edition) respectively; sprinkler types against NFPA 13 summaries; standpipe classes against NFPA 14 summaries (all named, not quoted).
  • Current NFPA editions and consolidations checked against the NFPA document information pages on nfpa.org (October 2026).
  • Sprinkler glass-bulb temperature colors checked against manufacturer technical data sheets.
  • Preaction and deluge system operation, pump rated-capacity lift, appliance outlets and low-pressure nozzle ratings checked against manufacturer technical data and product specifications.
  • Flammable-liquid special hazards checked against OSHA 29 CFR 1910.106 (eCFR, US government work).
  • UL FSRI public research: fire attack and ventilation studies (Impact of Fire Attack Utilizing Interior and Exterior Streams on Firefighter Safety and Occupant Survival: Full-Scale Experiments, 2018; Study of Coordinated Fire Attack Utilizing Acquired Structures), Understanding and Fighting Basement Fires (with ISFSI), and electric vehicle battery fire tactical considerations.
  • Overhaul exposures checked against Bolstad-Johnson et al., Characterization of Firefighter Exposures During Fire Overhaul (AIHAJ, 2000).
  • Drafting lift figures checked against NWCG drafting guidelines (US government work).

These are independent study notes written for Willys. They are not official exam material, may contain mistakes, and are no substitute for your course, your teacher or the exam owner's own publications. Found an error? Tell us — corrections ship as a new version of the deck.

Not operational guidance. These cards prepare you for Firefighter I and II certification. On the fireground follow your training, your officers and your department's SOPs, which vary from one department to the next.

NFPA® and NFPA 1010® are registered trademarks of the National Fire Protection Association, which is not affiliated with and does not endorse this product. Procedures vary by department; follow your department's SOPs.

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