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JLPT N4 Vocabulary — Adverbs & Expressions flashcards

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Ninety-one N4 words that hold a sentence together: degree, limit and time words, adverbs, conjunctions, formal nouns like つもり・はず・ため, verb suffixes, counters and polite set phrases, each in a short kana sentence; the back gives meaning, pitch accent where known, translation and a Watch out line.

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Learn deck · part of JLPT N4 · written against: Kanji, vocabulary and grammar commonly listed for N4 (no official list since 2010). Updated 2026-10-10.

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  1. ひじょうに (非常に) (adv.)
    きょうの しけんの さいごの もんだいは ひじょうに むずかしかったです。
    extremely; very [0]

    The last question on today's exam was extremely difficult.

    Watch out: More formal than とても; common in writing and announcements.
    Degree & Extent
  2. ずいぶん (随分) (adv.)
    ひさしぶりに あった おいは ずいぶん おおきく なって いました。
    quite; a great deal; considerably [1]

    My nephew, whom I hadn't seen for a long time, had grown a great deal.

    Watch out: Often carries surprise: ずいぶん たかいですね = that's really expensive!
    Degree & Extent
  3. いじょう (以上) (n.)
    この のりものは、はっさい いじょうの こどもだけ のれます。
    … and over; more than; that is all [1]

    Only children aged eight and over can ride this ride.

    Watch out: Includes the number named; at the end of a speech, いじょうです means 'that is all'.
    Limits & Comparison
  4. こんや (今夜) (n.)
    こんやは おそくまで しごとが あるので、ばんごはんは いりません。
    tonight; this evening [1]

    I've got work until late tonight, so I won't need dinner.

    Watch out: A little more formal than こんばん; both mean tonight.
    Time & Frequency
  5. しっかり (adv.)
    かぜが つよいので、かさを しっかり もって いて ください。
    firmly; properly; steadily

    The wind is strong, so keep a firm hold on your umbrella.

    Watch out: しっかりして いる describes a reliable person; しっかり たべる = eat properly.
    Manner & Demonstratives
  6. だから (conj.)
    あしたは しけんです。だから、こんやは はやく ねます。
    so; therefore [1]

    Tomorrow is the exam. So tonight I'll go to bed early.

    Watch out: The polite form is ですから; the reason comes first, the result after.
    Conjunctions & Conditions
  7. つもり (n.)
    たんじょうびに もらった おかねで、ピアノの きょうしつに かよう つもりです。
    intention; plan (to do)

    I intend to use the money I got for my birthday to take piano lessons.

    Watch out: Plain verb + つもりです; the negative is 〜ない つもりです or 〜つもりは ありません.
    Formal Nouns & Intentions
  8. 〜はじめる (〜始める) (suffix)
    きょねんの はる うまれた おいが、せんしゅう あるきはじめました。
    to start doing …

    My nephew, who was born last spring, started walking last week.

    Watch out: Verb stem + はじめる; 〜だす is a sudden start: なきだす.
    Verb Suffixes & Patterns
  9. 〜けん (〜軒) (counter)
    やまの したに、ちいさな いえが さんげん たって います。
    counter for houses and shops

    Three small houses stand at the bottom of the mountain.

    Watch out: Sound changes: いっけん, さんげん, なんげん.
    Prefixes Suffixes & Counters
  10. しつれい (失礼) (n.)
    きのうは おくれて きて、しつれいしました。これからは きを つけます。
    rudeness; discourtesy; excuse me [2]

    I'm sorry I came late yesterday. I'll be careful from now on.

    Watch out: しつれいします on entering or leaving a room; しつれいしました apologises for something done.
    Social Phrases & Responses

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More JLPT N4 decks

Part 1Part 2Part 3Core WordsHome, Town & NaturePeople, Society & FeelingsTime, Study & IdeasVerbs & Actions, Part 1Verbs & Actions, Part 2Grammar PatternsIn Context: Adverbs, Expressions & Core WordsIn Context: People, Town & IdeasIn Context: Verbs & ActionsPractice Questions

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About these cards

Review status: Second-reader reviewed, with corrections applied.

Checked against:

  • Word selection follows vocabulary commonly listed for JLPT N4 (no official list exists since 2010; checked against the N4 list compiled by Jonathan Waller, tanos.co.uk, CC BY); meanings and verb groups checked against JMdict (EDRDG, CC BY-SA 4.0). Reference only; all example sentences are original.
  • Pitch-accent positions checked against the Kanjium accent data (CC BY-SA 4.0); reference only.

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