NCLEX-RN — Oncology & Hematology flashcards
10 of 67 cards free to study here · 12 topics · the whole deck is built into Willys
Chemotherapy and immunotherapy toxicities, safe handling, radiation, neutropenic fever, bleeding, oncologic emergencies, leukemia, lymphoma and myeloma, anemias, transfusion reactions, anticoagulant monitoring, DIC, HIT, and supportive and end-of-life care.
Learn deck · part of NCLEX-RN · written against: NCSBN 2026 NCLEX-RN Test Plan, in effect from 1 April 2026 (Next Generation NCLEX; client-needs categories and percentages unchanged from 2023, fact-checked 2026-10-11). Updated 2026-10-10.
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What does the CAUTION mnemonic list as warning signs of cancer?Chemotherapy Effects
- Change in bowel or bladder habits,
- A sore that does not heal,
- Unusual bleeding or discharge,
- Thickening or lump,
- Indigestion or trouble swallowing,
- Obvious change in a wart or mole,
- and Nagging cough or hoarseness.
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Which protective equipment does the nurse wear when giving IV chemotherapy?Two pairs of chemotherapy-tested gloves and a disposable, impermeable gown that closes in the back, with eye and face protection when splashing is possible. Drugs are prepared in a biological safety cabinet and connected with closed-system devices when available.Safe Handling
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A client receiving external beam radiation asks whether he will be radioactive around his grandchildren. What does the nurse say?No. With external beam radiation, the radiation stops when the machine turns off, so the client is not radioactive and needs no special precautions around others.Radiation
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Beyond a soft toothbrush and electric razor, which bleeding precautions does the nurse teach a client with severe thrombocytopenia?Avoid aspirin and NSAIDs, prevent straining with stool softeners, blow the nose gently, avoid rectal medications and enemas, and apply pressure to puncture sites for at least 5 minutes. Report nosebleeds, bleeding gums, dark stools, or new bruising.Thrombocytopenia & Bleeding
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Why does tumor lysis syndrome develop, and which lab pattern does it produce?Rapid killing of many cancer cells, usually in bulky, fast-growing leukemias and lymphomas, releases cell contents into the blood: high potassium, high phosphate, high uric acid, and low calcium (phosphate binds calcium). It typically appears within the first few days after treatment starts.Oncologic Emergencies
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Which findings suggest iron deficiency anemia?Fatigue, pallor, and shortness of breath on exertion, plus spoon-shaped nails (koilonychia), a sore smooth tongue, cracks at the corners of the mouth, and pica such as craving ice. The red cells are small and pale (microcytic, hypochromic), and ferritin is low.Anemias
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Which checks does the nurse complete before hanging a unit of packed red blood cells?Confirm the order and signed consent, verify the client's identity and the blood product at the bedside with a second qualified person (two identifiers, ABO and Rh, unit number, expiration), and take baseline vital signs. A large-bore IV (often 18 to 20 gauge) and blood tubing with a filter are used.Blood Transfusion
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What happens in disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)?A trigger sets off widespread clotting in small vessels, which uses up platelets and clotting factors, so the client then bleeds. Clots cause organ ischemia while bleeding appears as oozing from puncture sites, bruising, and internal hemorrhage.DIC & HIT
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After a mastectomy with lymph node removal, what does the nurse teach about the arm on that side?Protect it from injury and infection to lower the risk of lymphedema: wear gloves for gardening, treat cuts promptly, avoid tight sleeves and jewelry, and report swelling or heaviness.Supportive Care
Watch out: many facilities still avoid blood pressures and needlesticks in that arm, though the evidence is limited. -
Which findings point to multiple myeloma?Bone pain (often the back or ribs), fractures, hypercalcemia, kidney injury, anemia, and frequent infections, from malignant plasma cells crowding the marrow and making abnormal proteins.Hematologic Cancers
Mnemonic: CRAB — calcium, renal, anemia, bone.
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About these cards
Review status: Second-reader reviewed, with corrections applied.
Checked against:
- NCSBN 2026 NCLEX-RN Test Plan, in effect from 1 April 2026 (topic outline only; no text copied)
- OpenStax Maternal-Newborn Nursing, OpenStax Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing and OpenStax Medical-Surgical Nursing, consulted as references where available; no text copied.
- Lymphedema precautions checked against the National Lymphedema Network position paper; myeloma, lymphoma, leukemia, GVHD, and checkpoint-inhibitor toxicities against NCI and NHLBI pages (public domain); ITP management against the ASH 2019 guideline; end-of-life signs against the National Institute on Aging (public domain); port care against Open RN Nursing Skills (CC BY 4.0); reference only, no text copied.
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