Driving

US driver's permit test — national core flashcards

5 decks · 311 cards · 311 with road signs · built into Willys · free samples below

Written against: Signs per the FHWA MUTCD 11th Edition with Revision 1 (December 2025), whose figures for these signs are unchanged from December 2023; rules of the road common to every state handbook, cross-checked against the California (2025), Texas (January 2026) and Florida (08/2023) handbooks; figures that vary by state are left to the state folders. Updated 2026-10-10.

Covers what every state tests. Figures that differ by state (alcohol limits, permit rules, phone laws, parking distances, points) are in the state decks below the shelf.

What's in it

Every deck follows the course outline, with tags you can study or suspend topic by topic. Open a deck to study its free sample right here.

Practice · 5 decks · 311 questions

Multiple-choice practice questions, one best answer each, with the reasoning.

Road Signs: Regulatory & Warning Identify the regulatory (white, red) and warning (yellow) signs every state tests, each shown as a picture: STOP and YIELD, speed, turn and lane controls, passing, one-way, parking, curves, intersections, lane changes, surface hazards and crossings. National designs per the MUTCD. 6 free · 65 questions in the app Road Signs: Guide, Work Zone, School & Railroad The rest of the sign test: green, blue and brown guide signs, route markers, orange work-zone signs and devices, school and railroad signs, plus the shape-and-color rules that let you read a sign before you can read its words. National designs per the MUTCD. 6 free · 47 questions in the app Signals & Pavement Markings Traffic signals and arrows, flashing and dark signals, pedestrian and lane-use signals, yellow and white lines, special lanes, stop and yield lines, hand signals, and officers' and flaggers' directions as asked on permit tests; national rules only. 6 free · 64 questions in the app Right-of-Way & Intersections Who yields at uncontrolled intersections, stop and yield signs, left turns, crosswalks, emergency vehicles, school buses, roundabouts, driveways, railroad crossings and when passing; national rules only. 6 free · 63 questions in the app Safe Driving, Alcohol & Drugs Speed and stopping distance, following space, night and bad-weather driving, skids, blind spots, sharing the road, emergencies, distraction and fatigue, alcohol and drug impairment, seat belts and airbags, work zones; national rules only; state limits live in the state decks. 6 free · 72 questions in the app

311 cards show a road sign above the question, drawn from the federal MUTCD sign designs; the samples show some of them.

Study guide

Topics covered

The decks follow the order of the course outline. Numbers are cards per topic.

Regulatory Signs 26
- Stop & Yield 3
- Speed 2
- Turns & Lanes 9
- Passing & Direction 8
- Parking & Pedestrians 4
Warning Signs 39
- Alignment 7
- Intersections 5
- Advance Controls 4
- Lanes & Width 8
- Surface & Hazards 7
- Crossings & Clearance 5
- Road Ends & Passing 3
Guide & Service Signs 10
- Guide 5
- Route Markers 2
- Services 3
Work Zone Signs 9
School Signs 4
Railroad Signs 4
Shapes & Colors 20
Steady Signals 7
Arrows & Protected Turns 6
Flashing Signals & Dark Signals 5
Pedestrian Signals 6
Lane-Use Control Signals 6
Yellow vs White Lines 8
Special Lanes 7
Stop & Yield Lines & Crosswalks 7
Hand Signals & Turn Signals 6
Officers & Flaggers 6
Uncontrolled Intersections 5
Stop & Yield Signs 8
Turning & Left Turns 6
Pedestrians & Crosswalks 7
Emergency Vehicles 6
School Buses 5
Roundabouts & Merging 6
Driveways & Private Roads 4
Railroad Crossings 6
Passing & Being Passed 5
Special Situations 5
Speed & Stopping Distance 6
Following & Space 5
Visibility & Night 5
Weather & Skids 6
Scanning Mirrors & Blind Spots 5
Sharing the Road 7
Emergencies 8
Distraction & Fatigue 5
Alcohol 9
Drugs & Medicines 5
Occupant Protection 5
Work Zones & Other Hazards 6

A study plan

12 new cards a day covers everything in a month, leaving the last weeks for review.
6 new cards a day covers everything in two months, leaving the last weeks for review.
5 new cards a day covers everything in three months, leaving the last weeks for review.

Willys schedules reviews for you (FSRS spaced repetition), so the daily number above is only for new cards; reviews of what you have learned come back on their own. Study a topic's cards right after you meet it in class, suspend topics you have not reached yet, and use the app's quiz mode in the final two weeks.

How to get these decks

Install Willys on your iPhone, iPad or Mac — App Store. 14-day free trial, then $14.99 a year.
In Willys, tap Exam Library at the top of your Decks (or Browse Exam Library… under the + button), find the exam on its shelf or by search, tick it and tap Add.
Study. The exam comes in as its own collapsible folder, every card scheduled by FSRS spaced repetition. Nothing you already have is changed.

Every deck is built into Willys

All 5 US driver's permit test — national core decks (311 cards), with FSRS spaced repetition, quizzes and mock tests, on iPhone, iPad and Mac. 14-day free trial, then $14.99 a year.

Get the app

In Willys, tap Exam Library at the top of your Decks (or Browse Exam Library… under the + button), find the exam on its shelf or by search, tick it and tap Add.

About these cards

Review status: Second-reader reviewed, with corrections applied.

Checked against:

Sign designs, names and meanings checked against the FHWA Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices, 11th Edition with Revision 1 (December 2025), a public-domain US government work; sign pictures drawn as vector art to the FHWA Standard Highway Signs and laid out after that manual's figures (the folder's media/, by tools/draw_signs.mjs; signs in the mutcd-ts 0.2.5 catalog of the 2024 Standard Highway Signs, MIT license, are drawn from it; media/sources.json gives each picture's source).
Meanings cross-checked against the sign chapters of the California Driver's Handbook (2025 online edition), the Texas Driver Handbook (DL-7, revised January 2026) and the Official Florida Driver License Handbook (rev. 08/2023); wording is original.
Not affiliated with, or endorsed by, any state DMV or motor-vehicle agency; not legal advice. Check your state's current handbook.
Interstate route numbering checked against FHWA's Route Log and Finder List (fhwa.dot.gov, public domain).
Checked against the rules shared by the California Driver's Handbook (2025 online edition), the Texas Driver Handbook (DL-7, revised January 2026) and the Official Florida Driver License Handbook (rev. 08/2023), and the FHWA MUTCD 11th Edition (December 2023, with Revision 1 of December 2025) for signal and marking meanings; wording is original.
Pictures (the folder's media/): pedestrian signals, lane-use signals and flaggers drawn after the MUTCD 11th Edition's Figures 4I-1, 4T-1 and 6D-1 by tools/draw_signs.mjs (public domain; see media/sources.json); signal faces, pavement markings, plan views and hand signals drawn after the MUTCD by tools/diagrams/us_permit_test_core.py, with the bicycle symbol taken from Figure 9E-1.
Checked against the rules shared by the California Driver's Handbook (2025 online edition), the Texas Driver Handbook (DL-7, revised January 2026) and the Official Florida Driver License Handbook (rev. 08/2023); wording is original.
Pictures (the folder's media/): intersection, crosswalk, emergency-vehicle, school-bus, roundabout, driveway, railroad and passing scenes drawn by tools/diagrams/us_permit_test_core.py with markings after the MUTCD 11th Edition (2023); the signs in them and the YIELD, NO TURN ON RED, crossbuck and flagger pictures are drawn after the MUTCD's figures by tools/draw_signs.mjs, to the FHWA Standard Highway Signs (public domain; mutcd-ts 0.2.5 vector sign data, MIT license; see media/sources.json).
Where a card names a state's own rule, it was checked against that state's law in force on 2026-10-18; where a handbook and the law differ, the card follows the law and says what the handbook says.
Checked against the safe-driving and impaired-driving chapters shared by the California Driver's Handbook (2025 online edition), the Texas Driver Handbook (DL-7, revised January 2026) and the Official Florida Driver License Handbook (rev. 08/2023); wording is original.
Pictures (the folder's media/): road scenes, dashboard lights, gear selectors and occupant figures drawn by tools/diagrams/us_permit_test_core.py; the chart of effects by blood alcohol follows NHTSA's “The ABCs of BAC” (DOT HS 809 844), the standard drinks follow NIAAA's definition, and the medicine label quotes the Drug Facts warning of a diphenhydramine allergy product (DailyMed); the signs and the flagger are drawn after the MUTCD 11th Edition's figures by tools/draw_signs.mjs, to the FHWA Standard Highway Signs (public domain; mutcd-ts 0.2.5 vector sign data, MIT license; see media/sources.json).

These are independent study notes written for Willys. They are not official exam material, may contain mistakes, and are no substitute for your course, your teacher or the exam owner's own publications. Found an error? Tell us — corrections ship as a new version of the deck.

Not legal advice, and not affiliated with any DMV. These cards prepare you for the knowledge test. Traffic laws differ between states and change every year, so check your state's current official driver handbook, which is the only authority for your test. No state seal or agency logo appears here; sign drawings follow the federal MUTCD designs.

Not affiliated with, or endorsed by, any state DMV, department of public safety or motor-vehicle agency, and not legal advice. Laws and handbooks change: check your state's current official driver handbook before the test. Road-sign pictures are taken from the figures of the FHWA MUTCD (a public-domain US government work); no state seal or agency logo is used.

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