Vocabulary Grade 11 — Set 1: Meanings flashcards
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The 100 most common of the 300 Grade 11 words, from canon and sovereign to fortitude and momentous: pronunciation, a plain definition and three example sentences, the most common use first.
Learn deck · part of Vocabulary Level 6 · Grade 11 · written against: Our own grade placement (VOCABULARY-PLAN.md): word frequency (wordfreq, CC BY-SA 4.0) and editorial review; no publisher's grade or word list is reproduced. Updated 2026-10-10.
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contentious (adj.) · kuhn-TEN-shuhsstirring up heated argument or dispute; tending to argue or quarrelCharacter & Behavior
Banning phones in class became a contentious issue at the board meeting.
The 1876 presidential election was one of the most contentious in American history.
Theo can be contentious, arguing with the referee over every call. -
gall (n., v.) · GAWLrude, shameless boldness; to stir deep resentment in someone, especially at an injusticeFeelings & Attitudes
Sam skipped every practice, yet still had the gall to expect a trophy.
It galled Priya to see her idea credited to someone else.
What galls voters most is the mayor's refusal to answer questions. -
canon (n.) · KAN-uhnthe works accepted as most important in a field or as truly by an author; a commonly held guiding principleThinking & Knowing
Toni Morrison's novels are now part of the American literary canon.
Scholars still debate which plays belong in Shakespeare's canon.
The study ignored the basic canons of scientific evidence.
Don't confuse with: cannon, the large gun; canon has one n in the middle. -
invoke (v.) · in-VOHKto cite a law, right, rule or idea in support of an action; to seek a god's help or inspirationSpeaking & Arguing
The witness invoked her right to remain silent.
Lincoln often invoked the Declaration of Independence in his speeches.
Homer's Odyssey opens by invoking the Muse to tell the story.
Don't confuse with: evoke, to bring a memory or feeling to mind. -
discharge (v., n.) · dis-CHARJ (v.) · DIS-charj (n.)to officially let a worker, patient or soldier go; to let out liquid or gas; a releaseActions & Effort
The hospital discharged Mr. Reyes three days after his surgery.
Old sewer pipes still discharge rainwater straight into the harbor.
After four years in the Navy, she received an honorable discharge. -
renaissance (n.) · REN-uh-sahnsa revival of interest or activity; the Renaissance: Europe's rebirth of art and learning, about the 14th to 17th centuriesChange & Growth
Vinyl records are enjoying a renaissance among young music fans.
The downtown renaissance brought new shops and theaters to empty streets.
Leonardo da Vinci painted the Mona Lisa during the Renaissance. -
parity (n.) · PAIR-uh-teean equal footing between people, groups or things, most often in pay, power or statusSize & Amount
Rural students still lack parity with city students in internet access.
Electric cars may soon reach price parity with gas-powered models.
A salary cap is meant to create parity among the league's teams. -
cardinal (adj.) · KARD-nuhlranking first in importance; central and fundamentalQuality & Judgment
The cardinal rule of the lab is never to eat near the chemicals.
Prudence, justice, fortitude and temperance are the four cardinal virtues.
North, south, east and west are the cardinal directions.
Watch out: as a noun, a cardinal is a senior Catholic official or a red songbird. -
monetary (adj.) · MAHN-uh-tair-eehaving to do with money, in particular how much of it is circulating in a nationSociety & Power
The Federal Reserve sets monetary policy for the United States.
The old letters have little monetary value but great historical value.
The winners received a trophy and a small monetary prize. -
coincide (v.) · koh-uhn-SIGHDto line up in time with something else, so both happen together; to match up or be in agreementNature & Time
The festival coincides with the first weekend of spring break.
Her visit coincided with the worst snowstorm of the year.
The new mayor's plans for the park coincide with what most residents want.
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Review status: Second-reader reviewed, with corrections applied.
Checked against:
- Senses, parts of speech and sense order checked against Merriam-Webster.com, the American Heritage Dictionary and the frequency-ordered Oxford, Longman and Cambridge learner's dictionaries; all definitions, notes and example sentences are original.
- Grade placement is our own, from wordfreq frequency data (CC BY-SA 4.0) and editorial review; no publisher's grade or word list is reproduced.
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