Vocabulary Grade 12 — Set 2: In Context flashcards
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Fill the blank: 33 of the Set 2 words, each in a new sentence whose clues point to one word (where a second also fits, the back says so).
Learn deck · part of Vocabulary Level 7 · Grade 12 · written against: Our own grade placement (VOCABULARY-PLAN.md): word frequency (wordfreq, CC BY-SA 4.0) and editorial review; no publisher's grade or word list is reproduced. Updated 2026-10-10.
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The bully in the novel doesn't just knock over the children's sandcastle by accident; he stomps every tower flat on purpose, for no reason but the fun of wrecking it: not merely unnecessary but ______ destruction.wantonCharacter & Behavior
Harm caused by choice and for its own sake is wanton. Gratuitous means only unnecessary or unjustified, which "not merely unnecessary" rules out, and reprehensible says only that an act deserves blame, not what kind of act it is. -
Ravi's ______ showed on his red face when the card trick he had bragged about all week fell apart in front of the whole class.chagrinFeelings & Attitudes
Embarrassment at failing after bragging is chagrin. Consternation is shocked alarm, but Ravi is not frightened, only made to look foolish. -
Though she wasn't the least bit worried, the trail guide was ______ of the afternoon forecast and packed a rain jacket for every hiker.cognizantThinking & Knowing
Being aware of something important is cognizant. Leery would mean wary, and she isn't worried; heedless would mean ignoring the forecast, but she packs jackets. -
In a trembling voice, Ama phoned the airline once more to ______ the agent to find her a seat on the last flight home to her sick father.beseechSpeaking & Arguing
Begging urgently and with deep feeling is to beseech. Cajole means coaxing gently with flattery, and Ama's trembling plea is anything but gentle coaxing. -
Two days after announcing that her café would no longer take cash, the owner decided to ______ the new policy, after longtime customers without bank cards begged her to reconsider.rescindActions & Effort
Officially canceling your own decision is to rescind it. Nullify means to make something legally invalid, as a court does to a law, or to cancel out an effect; renege needs "on" and means breaking a promise. -
The ______ knife sharpener spends each spring working the fishing villages along the coast and each fall the farm towns inland, never staying more than a week in one place.itinerantChange & Growth
Moving from town to town to earn a living is itinerant. Erstwhile means former, and nothing suggests the sharpener has stopped sharpening knives. -
A ship at sea for months becomes a ______ of society, with its own leaders, laws, rivalries and friendships packed into a few hundred feet of deck.microcosmSize & Amount
A small world whose makeup mirrors that of a much larger one is a microcosm. An archetype is a typical example or recurring type, not a miniature of a larger whole. -
Because officers searched the car illegally, the bag of stolen jewelry they found inside was not ______ at trial.admissibleQuality & Judgment
Evidence allowed in court is admissible. Unimpeachable means too reliable to doubt, but the jewelry is shut out for how it was found, not doubted. -
Weeks after the smuggler's arrest, prosecutors went before a grand jury, hoping it would formally ______ him on eleven counts of bringing stolen artifacts into the country.indictSociety & Power
To bring formal criminal charges that send a case to trial is to indict. Incriminate means to make someone look guilty, which evidence does, and apprehend means to arrest, which happened weeks earlier. -
The short test message Ray Tomlinson sent between two computers sitting side by side in 1971 was the ______ of every email in your inbox today.progenitorNature & Time
The first thing from which a whole line of later ones came is its progenitor. An archetype is a pattern that later versions follow, or a perfect or typical example, but the sentence never says later emails followed this message's pattern; it was simply the first, the one that started everything.
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About these cards
Review status: Second-reader reviewed, with corrections applied.
Checked against:
- Senses, parts of speech and sense order checked against Merriam-Webster.com, the American Heritage Dictionary and the frequency-ordered Oxford, Longman and Cambridge learner's dictionaries; all definitions, notes and example sentences are original.
- Grade placement is our own, from wordfreq frequency data (CC BY-SA 4.0) and editorial review; no publisher's grade or word list is reproduced.
- Facts in the sentences checked against NOAA's National Ocean Service, the Centre for Computing History, the Lemelson-MIT Program, the Internet Hall of Fame, EBSCO Research Starters and Cornell Law School's Legal Information Institute (reference only; no text copied).
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