Spanish B1 — Subjunctive, Commands & Conditional flashcards
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Seventy prompts: present subjunctive forms and the DISHES irregulars, WEIRDO triggers, belief vs doubt, cuando, para que and aunque, relative clauses, tú, usted and nosotros commands with pronouns, the future, the conditional, B1 si-clauses and a first look at the B2 unreal si-clause.
Learn deck · part of Spanish A1–B2 · written against: CEFR levels A1–B2; neutral Latin-American Spanish with Spain variants noted. Updated 2026-10-10.
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How is the present subjunctive formed for most verbs?Take the yo form of the present, drop the -o, and add the opposite vowel: -ar verbs take e-endings, -er/-ir verbs take a-endings.Subjunctive formation
Example: hablo → hable; como → coma; vivo → viva. -
Which six verbs have present subjunctives that do not follow the yo-stem rule (the DISHES verbs)?dar, ir, ser, haber, estar, saber — dé, vaya, sea, haya, esté, sepa.Irregular subjunctive
Why: Their yo present does not end in -o (doy, voy, soy, he, estoy, sé), so the usual rule has nothing to build on. -
What does WEIRDO stand for as a checklist of subjunctive triggers?Wishes, Emotions, Impersonal expressions, Recommendations and requests, Doubt and denial, Ojalá.Subjunctive triggers
Watch out: The trigger usually needs que plus a change of subject: Quiero que vengas, but Quiero venir. -
Creo que Ana ___ (tener, present) razón. — indicative or subjunctive, and why?tiene — indicative.Belief vs doubt
Why: Affirmative creer que and pensar que state what the speaker takes as true, so they take the indicative. -
Cuando (yo) ___ (llegar) a casa esta noche, te llamo. — indicative or subjunctive, and why?llegue — subjunctive.Adverbial clauses
Why: Cuando referring to a future event that has not happened yet takes the subjunctive. The main clause can be present, future or a command. -
hablar → affirmative tú commandhablaCommands
Regular affirmative tú commands are the same as the él/ella present: habla, come, escribe.
Example: Habla más despacio, por favor. — Speak more slowly, please. -
Give it to me (tú, el libro) — affirmative command with pronounsDámelo.Pronouns with commands
In affirmative commands the pronouns attach to the end, indirect before direct (me + lo). A written accent keeps the original stress: da → dámelo. -
How is the conditional formed?Add -ía, -ías, -ía, -íamos, -íais, -ían to the whole infinitive, for all three conjugations: hablaría, comería, viviría.Conditional
Watch out: Verbs with an irregular future stem use the same stem: tendría, haría, podría. -
vivir → nosotros, futureviviremosFuture
The future adds -é, -ás, -á, -emos, -éis, -án to the whole infinitive, the same for -ar, -er and -ir.
Example: Algún día viviremos cerca del mar. — Some day we will live near the sea. -
Si ___ (llover) el domingo, veremos películas en el sótano. — which form, and why?llueve — present indicative.Si-clauses
Why: For a real, likely condition, si takes the present indicative and the result goes in the future, the present or a command.
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About these cards
Review status: Second-reader reviewed, with corrections applied.
Checked against:
- Checked against the Real Academia Española conjugation tables (dle.rae.es), the RAE/ASALE Nueva gramática de la lengua española (online edition and Manual), the Diccionario panhispánico de dudas and the Instituto Cervantes Plan Curricular (PCIC) B1–B2 grammar inventories (reference only; no text copied). All example sentences are original.
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