Spanish B2 — Grammar flashcards
10 of 70 cards free to study here · 11 topics · the whole deck is built into Willys
Seventy prompts: the imperfect and pluperfect subjunctive in context, the sequence of tenses, si-clauses, el cual, lo que and cuyo, passive and impersonal se, ser vs estar meaning shifts, por vs para nuances, subjunctive conjunctions, reported speech and verbal periphrases.
Learn deck · part of Spanish A1–B2 · written against: CEFR levels A1–B2; neutral Latin-American Spanish with Spain variants noted. Updated 2026-10-10.
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La dueña de la librería me pidió que ___ (revisar) el inventario, y lo hice esa misma tarde. — which form, and why?revisara (or revisase) — imperfect subjunctive.Imperfect subjunctive
A request triggers the subjunctive, and because pidió is past, the subordinate verb moves to the past subjunctive. -
How is the pluperfect subjunctive formed, and what time does it express?hubiera (or hubiese) + past participle: hubiera visto, hubieras hecho, hubiéramos llegado.Pluperfect subjunctive
It marks an action that came before another past moment, inside a clause that needs the subjunctive.
It also expresses an unreal past, as in si clauses: Si lo hubiera sabido, habría venido. -
If the main verb is in the present, the future or a command, which subjunctive tense normally follows for a simultaneous or later action?The present subjunctive: Te pido que vengas, Te pediré que vengas, Pídele que venga.Sequence of tenses
Why: All three main verbs look at now or later, so the que clause stays in the present. -
Si ___ (ver, tú) a Lucía, dile que la llamo luego. — which form, and why?ves — present indicative.Si-clauses
A real, open condition takes si + present indicative, and the result can be a command (dile), the present or the future. -
Aquella carta revelaba la razón ___ Rosario vendió su velero. — which relative completes it after por?por la que or por la cual.Relative pronouns
After a preposition, Spanish usually uses article + que or cual, agreeing with the antecedent (la razón, feminine singular).
Watch out: la razón por que also exists but is rare and formal; por la que is the everyday choice. -
What is the difference between ser atento and estar atento?ser atento = to be considerate, thoughtful; estar atento = to be paying attention, alert.Ser vs estar
Example: Es muy atenta con sus clientes, pero hoy no estaba atenta en la reunión. -
___ ser tan joven, Inés dirige el coro del barrio con una seguridad asombrosa. — por or para, and why?Para — comparison with what you would expect: for someone so young.Por vs para
Example: Para ser enero, hace calor. — It's warm for January. -
Te presto la tienda de campaña siempre y cuando ___ (volver, tú; present) del camping antes del día quince. — which form, and why?vuelvas — present subjunctive.Subjunctive conjunctions
siempre y cuando (as long as, provided that) states a condition and always takes the subjunctive. -
Report in the past: «Estoy cansada», dijo Ana.Ana dijo que estaba cansada.Reported speech
After a past reporting verb, the present usually shifts to the imperfect. It can stay in the present if it still holds now: Ana dijo que está cansada (said a moment ago). -
How do you say I've been searching for an apartment in Seville for seven months with llevar?Llevo siete meses buscando piso en Sevilla.Verbal periphrases
llevar + time + gerund for an action still going on, with llevar in the present.
Watch out: The negative uses sin + infinitive: Llevo dos días sin dormir = I haven't slept for two days.
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About these cards
Review status: Second-reader reviewed, with corrections applied.
Checked against:
- Checked against the RAE/ASALE Nueva gramática de la lengua española (online edition and Manual), the Diccionario panhispánico de dudas and the Diccionario de la lengua española with its conjugation tables (dle.rae.es), with the Instituto Cervantes Plan Curricular B2 grammar inventory for level placement (reference only; no text copied). All example sentences are original.
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